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Everyone quick marker mister basics here so lets talk about transcription transcription. Is enzymatically enzymatically similar to dna replication. Both process dna.
Replication and transcription in wall enzyme that new strand of nucleic acid complementary to the dna strand. However the major difference is that dna polymerase. Adds.
Deoxyribonucleic acids on the template dna. While the enzyme rna. Polymerase.
Which carries out transcription and ribonucleotides. On the template. Dna.
The bacterial rna. Polymerase. Have five.
Subunits. Beta. Prime.
Beta. Alpha. 1.
Alpha. 2. And omega.
The beta. Prime. Is the largest subunit and has the active site for rna synthesis the beta as the second largest subunit involved in rna synthesis alpha 1 and alpha 2 are the third lightest subunit each of the alpha subunit.
Has two domains. The n terminal domain. And the c terminal domain.
The n. Terminal domain. Has a role in the assembly of rna.
Polymerase enzyme.
While the c terminal domain. Has a role in interaction of the promoter and nonspecific binding to the dna sequences. The omega is a smallest subunit and facilitates.
The assembly of rna. Polymerase and stabilizes. The rna polymerase enzyme.
Lets talk about the sigma factor. The rna. Polymerase cannot start initiation of transcription by its own it requires the help of a factor known as the sigma factor.
The sigma factor is a protein that allow specific binding of rna polymerase with the promoter. So the complete rna polymerase holoenzyme has 6 subunits. The initiation of transcription is divided into three steps.
The formation of clothes complex open complex and the phenomenon of abortive initiation in the first term rna polymerase binds to promoter region the dna at this stage is still in the double stranded form and this complex is known as the closed complex the closed complex represents rna. Polymerase that has just bound with a promoter in the next step the dna strands near the transcription start site unwinds to form an open complex once the open complex is formed the enzyme now starts adding rnt piece on the template dna. It should be noted that unlike dna polymerase rna polymerase does not require a primer for the initiation of transcription now once the short stretches of rna.
Are formed the open complex now undergoes the process of abortive initiation. If abortive initiation process. The rna polymerase forms a short rna stretches.
Which are released the abortive initiation occurs. Because the sigma factor blocks. The rna exit channel of the rna.
Polymerase enzyme. Music. Lets talk about elongation 1 sigma.
Factor is released the rna. Polymerase proceeds for the process of elongation termination. Once polymerase has transcribed the gene.
It must stop to release. The rna product. This process is known as termination in prokaryotes are two modes of termination.
Role independent and row. Dependent. The row independent termination.
Does not require external proteins or external factors for the termination.
To occur. The row. Independent terminators are also known as intrinsic terminators.
Which consists of two sequence elements number. One short inverted repeats about 20 nucleotides. Followed by number two stretch of 880 base pairs.
Where the rna. Polymerase transcribes. The inverted repeat sequence.
The resulting rna forms a stem loop structure. Which resembles. Our hairpin by base pairing.
It with itself. The hairpin cell. Form halts.
The rna. Polymerase enzyme. The inverted.
Repeat sequence is further followed by a tea. Rich sequence. The 80 rich sequence.
After transcription forms. A new base pairs. The au base pairs are the weakest of all the base pairs.
Even weaker than 80 base pair. Because of this. The urn is finally released ending the transcription music row dependent termination grow dependent termination depends on the protein known as row factor euro factor is an atp dependent hexamer akali case the row protein binds single stranded rna.
Rich in cytosine. These. Cytosine residues are also known as row utilization site or the web site.
Now. When the rna polymerase reaches. Hundred nucleotides away from the right side.
It stops to transcription the sequence that holds the rna. Polymerase are known as row sensitive boss site once the row protein binds the rod sequencing rna it uses energy of atp and translocates at the rna dna hybrid and unwinds the region .
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